Alternative Energy Research Paper

Elective Energy Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The universes wellsprings of non-renewable energy sources are evaporating quicker than the earth can restore them. Petroleum derivatives, similar to coal and oil take the earth a large number of years to recreate so a successful exchange vitality source must be investigated. For a long time we have been coming up short on oil. This marvel is known as the Hubbert top hypothesis otherwise called top oil. Hydrogen is an incredible alternative to control a motor. To cause hydrogen we to can disintegration methane or utilizing electrolysis. There are two techniques: burning, and energy unit transformation. Atomic force is likewise a choice to controlling a vehicle. As we as a whole realize we need to utilize uranium to create atomic force. Biofuel is a fuel that originates from biomass, living life forms, similar to dairy animals compost. This territory is dynamic, since it can change over biofuels and different powers into energy units (Biofuels) Elective Energies The universes wellsprings of petroleum products are evaporating quicker than the earth can recharge them. Petroleum products, similar to coal and oil take the earth a great many years to replicate so a powerful exchange vitality source must be investigated. Non-renewable energy sources or raw petroleum has been around for quite a while and can be refined to shape various items. Such items incorporate gas, naptha, fuel, lamp fuel, gas oil or diesel, and different things. This type of a vitality source is utilized in numerous things, for example, generators, power, autos, airplane, watercraft, and numerous different things. While this is an exceptionally solid and adaptable vitality source it despite everything is a brilliant vitality source. We are likewise coming up short on raw petroleum, a non-sustainable asset. For a long time we have been coming up short on oil. This wonder is known as the Hubbert top hypothesis otherwise called top oil. The pinnacle oil hypothesis expresses that each limited asset has a start, center, and a finish of creation. Creation of oil typically follows a ringer shape bend when charted. At the point when oil creation arrives at the mid-purpose of its life it likewise arrives at the pinnacle oil creation. This hypothesis was created by the geologist for Shell oil, named M. Lord Hubbert. During the 1960s Hubbert anticipated oil would top quite a while after that, putting top oil creation directly about at this point. Since oil is running out we need to begin pondering elective fills that are accessible to us. The issue isn't whether these elective vitality sources exist or nor, they do. Should the administration reserve and give enormous tax reductions to investigation into elective vitality sources. Elective fuel is some other technique for controlling a motor without utilizing oil. A portion of these elective fills and strategies for fueling a motor or the economy are: coal, hydrogen, atomic force, biofuels, Athabasca Oil Sands in Canada, Venezuelan Orinoco tar sands, green other options, and Thermal Depolymerization. These are only not many of different techniques. Most of these elective energizes are orchestrated to be modest, non-dirtying, and unending wellsprings of vitality. (Hubbert Peak Theory) Coal is a non-renewable energy source uncovered from the Earth by profound mining. Coal is a critical source that produces power around the world. In the United States coal produce over a large portion of the power devoured by the country. Coal can be created into oil by gasification and liquefaction (Coal). This procedure is called engineered oil from coal (Life After the Oil Crash). This is a decent procedure since it doesn't pollute the earth. In any case, coal isn't as incredible as it appears. Coal creation will top around 2 decades. On the off chance that request stays solidified at the present pace of utilization, the coal stores will to be sure last about 250 yearspopulation development alone delivers the lifetime to some 90-120 yearsthe utilization of coal for change to different energizes decreases the lifetime of coal to not exactly a human life expectancy (Life After the Oil Crash). Hydrogen is an incredible alternative to control a motor. To cause hydrogen we to can deterioration methane or utilizing electrolysis. There are two techniques: burning, and power module change. In ignition, hydrogen is scorched like in customary gas vehicles. The ignition vehicles consume hydrogen legitimately, and produce water fume, which is non-dirtying. In energy component transformation, hydrogen is transformed into power through energy unit, which controls the motor (Hydrogen vehicle). Energy component transformation is exceptionally productive. In any case, there are issues with this technique. The issue with ignition is that hydrogen fuel is utilized quickly. The principal issue energy component transformation has is that hydrogen has a low thickness. Implying that the sum that can be put away is constrained (Hydrogen vehicle). The subsequent issue is the costly expense of making a solid energy component that would give electric force in a hydrogen vehicle. Energy unit plans require the utilization of platinum, and platinum will turn out to be scant soon (Life After the Oil Crash). The third issue is that hydrogen is a vitality bearer, implying that it doesn't deliver vitality. It must be created by non-renewable energy sources (Hydrogen vehicle). The electrolysis procedure expends more vitality than it produces. Atomic force is likewise a choice to driving a vehicle. As we as a whole realize we need to utilize uranium to create atomic force. At the rate we are expending fuel, there are 50 years left of ease uranium (Life After the Oil Crash). There are reactors that make wasteful atomic fuel, which prompts atomic waste. Be that as it may, there are progressively effective reactors that diminish the measure of atomic waste. On the off chance that we utilize these kinds of reactors we are as yet going to have 10,000 to 5 billion years of uranium for use in these force plants (Nuclear Power). Be that as it may, atomic force is less helpful than what they state. It is hazardous to place an atomic reactor in your trunk (Life After the Oil Crash). It is additionally an issue since we don't have the opportunity or the cash to assemble 10,000 force plants to deliver the vitality we get from non-renewable energy sources (Life After the Oil Crash). It will take $3-5 billion for every plant, without including the expense to fix old reactors, and changing over atomic vitality proper for vehicles, pontoons, and planes. It takes 10 years to fabricate one of these atomic force plants (Nuclear Power). Biofuel is a fuel that originates from biomass, living beings, similar to dairy animals compost. This territory is exceptionally dynamic, since it can change over biofuels and different fills into energy units (Biofuels). Bioenergy creates 15% of the universes vitality use. Biomass can likewise be utilized for the creation of power and warming. There are strong biomasses that can be made into fuel, similar to: wood, straw, creature waste, husks or shells from yields, and bagasse (Alternative Fuel). There are likewise fluid biomasses that can be utilized as fuel: bioalcohols, similar to ethanol, methanol, and butanol; organic created oils like, straight vegetable oil, squander vegetable oil, and biodiesel; oil and gases can be delivers by methane, and warm depolymerization. Vaporous biomasses can create fuel, as: bio-methane, wood gas, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (Biofuels). Nonetheless, biofuels has gotten less effective than oil. It devours more vitality than it produces. It takes 11 sections of land to develop enough corn to fuel one automobilefor 10,000 miles, or about a years drivingthe sum to take care of seven individuals for a similar timeframe Life After the Oil Crash). To supplant a little piece of our oil gracefully we would need to transform a large portion of Africa into a goliath biofuel ranch. Its an extraordinary thought, and we can create it further, however it wont be sufficient to the rate we expend oil (Biofuels). The Athabasca Oil Sands are enormous stores of tar sands that are found northwestern of Canada and Venezuela Orinoco. It is said that Athabasca contains 66% of absolute worldwide oil stores (Alternative Fuel). It contains 1.6 trillion barrels of oil. With the innovation we have today just 311 billion barrels could be separated (Athabasca Oil Sands). At that point why not get the majority of our oil gracefully from the Athabasca Oil sands? As per the Department of Energy it will just lower oil costs under fifty pennies. It will likewise take 10 years to come on the web. It will top at 875,000 barrels for each day, however not until 2025. By then we would require 35 million barrels for each day, while the world needs 120 million barrels for each day (Life After the Oil Crash). Green choices like, sun oriented, wind, wave, and geothermal force are fine approaches to control the country, even better the world. Geothermal vitality originates from radioactive rot from the center of the Earth. Which warms the Earth back to front, and the sun warms the surface. There are three different ways to deliver geothermal vitality: geothermal power, geothermal warming through profound Earth pipes, and geothermal warming through a warmth siphon (Geothermal Power). The most sustainable power source is sun oriented vitality, vitality coming straightforwardly from daylight. Sun oriented force can be made by: producing power utilizing sun powered cells, creating power utilizing warm force plants, producing power utilizing sun powered towers, heat structures, heat structures through warmth siphons, and warmth groceries through sun oriented stoves (Solar Energy). At the point when the sun warms up the earth unevenly, it makes winds. Wind can run wind turbines fit for delivering power. A few zones don't have winning breeze power so its best to put them seaward or at high elevations, the breeze is progressively consistent. Waterpower can be tackled and utilized (Wind Energy). Like water is a thousand times heavier than air, even a moderate stream of water can deliver a lot of vitality. There are numerous types of waterpower: hydroelectric vitality, flowing force, flowing stream power, wave power, sea warm vitality transformation, and profound lake water-cooling (Water Power). Be that as it may, green option is anything but a smart thought. The green options have restricted limit, contrasted with petroleum products. Californias 13,000 breeze turbines create as much power like a solitary 555-megawatt gaseous petrol terminated force vegetation (After the Oil Crash). To supplant a penetrating stage that siphons 12,000 barrels of oil for every day we

The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus Essay Example

The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus Paper Carabao Manure THE EFFICIENCY OF CARABAO MANURE WITH EXTRACT OF (Eucalyptus cinerea) AND LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citrates) LEAVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE MOSQUITO REPELLANT Foundation of the Study Dengue casualties are plentifully spreading in our general public and they are brought about by the known Aedes aegypti. These mosquitoes are only found in places where there are relinquished tires and holders loaded up with stale water, Mosquitoes are otherwise called the most risky executioners on the planet where they can deceive an estimated of 2 to 3 million individuals in a year. For the most part found on driving stores are costly business concoction mosquito repellants. Carabao fertilizer definition These mosquito repellants may contain harmful synthetics that can make respiratory infections us, people. Regarding this, we should likewise consider that not we all can bear to buy these said mosquito repellants. These popularized mosquito repellants contain poisons like DEET ( N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide ) that are generally utilized by most inhabitants in our locale. Goals of the Study This investigation is intended to deliver an elective mosquito repellant out of carabo excrement with concentrate of lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves consolidated together. Carabao fertilizer parts We will compose a custom paper test on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In particular, it looks to respond to the accompanying inquiries a. What are the synthetic segments of carabao excrement joined with lemon grass and eucalyptus separate that would repulse the mosquitoes? b. Is the carabao excrement with lemongrass and eucalyptus separate viable contrasted with the compound business mosquito repellant? c. What are the impacts of synthetic parts from carabao fertilizer joined with lemongrass to nature and to individuals? d. Is the common elective mosquito repellant safe to people and to nature? Suspicions and Hypotheses: 1. The carabao compost joined with lemongrass and eucalyptus remove as an elective mosquito repellant is productive. 2. The materials used to make an elective characteristic mosquito repellant are satisfactory. 3. The common mosquito repellants is as successful as the business synthetic repellants. Speculations: 1. There is a huge contrast between the business concoction mosquito repellent and the normal mosquito repellent. 2. There is relative adequacy of the common mosquito repellant and the business concoction mosquito repellant. Meaning of Terms: DEET-N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide; somewhat yellow oil; most normal dynamic fixing in creepy crawly repellants. Eucalyptus-a different sort of streaming trees in the myrtle family, Mytaceae; individuals from the class rule the tree verdure of Australia. Dengue Fever-it is otherwise called break bone fever, an intense febrile irresistible sickness brought about by the dengue infection; dengue is generally transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Carabao Manure-a decent natural compost; contains 18. 5% nitrogen, 43. 7% phosphoric corrosive and 9. potash; a great wellspring of fuel either as dried manure, or in creating biogas or methane. Lemongrass-generally utilized by Indians as a medication; has various utilizations and properties in fragrance based treatment. Extension and Delimitation This investigation was led to decide the viability of carabao fertilizer with lemongrass and eucalyptus remove as an elective mosquito repellant. The perspectives investigated were the parts of carabao fertilizer with concentrate of lemongrass and eucalyptus that would repulse the mosquitoes and the idea of mosquitoes. Related investigations about carabao fertilizer Populace or Universe: Locale of the study:MMSU-LHS-SC Period of the study:S. Y. 2010-2011 Bibliography http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Aedes_aegypti http://science. about. com/bio/Anne-Marie-Helmenstine-Ph-D-7815. htm Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street,Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 139 Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street,Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 83 Related Literature and Studies It has been discovered that Dengue fever is otherwise called breakbone fever, an intense febrile irresistible ailment brought about by the dengue infection; dengue is normally transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. References: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Aedes_aegypti It has been discovered that carabao excrement is a decent natural compost; contains 18. 5% nitrogen, 43. 7% phosphoric corrosive, and 9. 6 potash; a great ource of fuel either as dried waste, or in creating biogas or methane. Commentaries: http://science. about. com/bio/Anne-Marie-Helmenstine-Ph-D-7815. htm It has been discovered that lemongrass is customarily utilized by Indians as a medication; has various utilizations and properties in fragrance based treatment. Commentaries: Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicin al Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 It has been discovered that perception is the most immediate way and the most broadly utilized in considering conduct. Commentaries: Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 139 It has been discovered that DEET ( N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide ) is the most well-known dynamic fixing in creepy crawly repellants. References: http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Aedes_aegypti Eucalyptus is a different variety of flowin trees in the myrtle family, Mytaceael individuals from the sort command the tree verdure of Australia. Commentaries: Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 88 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 According to Manuel and Medel, the fundamental reason for trial examine is to find the impact of at least one elements upon a condition, gathering or circumstance, reason in which is to find â€Å"What will be. † Footnotes: Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writin g; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 83 Method of Collecting Data: The technique for gathering information utilized was the perception. This is worried in social event data for an examination, might be characterized as seeing information through the faculties: sight, hearing, taste, contact, and smell. Perception is utilized to have the option to assemble straightforwardly, direct data about the subject of study. System: Materials Used: The materials utilized in the investigation were: 1. Lemongrass leaves 2. Eucalyptus leaves 3. Carabao compost 4. Mortar and pestle 5. Holders 6. Sifters System To deliver the concentrate of lemongrass and eucalyptus, first washed the new lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves altogether and utilized the mortar and pestle to pound the leaves into fine particles. Second, pressed the squashed leaves to get the concentrate. Next, the concentrate is stressed utilizing a sifter. Fourth, consolidate the concentrate with the carabao compost. Next, form the carabao excrement with extricate in any shape you need as long as it can fill in as an elective mosquito loop. In conclusion, let the carabao excrement with remove be dried. Strategy for Research: The trial technique for examine was utilized in this investigation. Exploratory research is a profoundly controlled technique where controlled medications or activities from a factor or condition, called the trial or free ariable, are applied upon another factor of condition, called the needy variable, to decide the impact of the rancher upon the last mentioned, every other factor of factors being kept steady or equivalent with the goal that any adjustment in the needy variable is inferable just to the trial or autonomous variable. The essential reason for trial inquire about is to find the impact of at least one elements upon a condition, gathering, or circumstance, motivation behind which is to find â€Å"what will be. Since the investigation is worried about the effectiveness of carabao excrement with concentrate of lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves as an elective mosquito repellant, the test strategy for inquire about was the most proper technique to utilize in light of the fact that it looks to find what will be the outcome and how powerful it is. Calculated Framework Output Natural Alternative Mosquito Repellant Process Extraction of Leaves Mixing Lemongrass concentrate and Eucalyptus separate with Carabao Manure Drying of Carabao Manure Inputs Lemongrass Leaves Eucalyptus Leaves Carabao Manure

Underdeveloped Africa

Underdeveloped Africa Underdeveloped Africa Home›Economics Posts›Underdeveloped Africa Economics PostsIntroductionThe current underdevelopment in Africa has been one of the biggest concerns facing the economists today. One of the reasons for such underdevelopments is the history of colonial exploitation and extraction and the slave trade. Empirical evidence shows that the underdevelopment has historical connections to the European colonisation (Rodney, 45). This paper analyzes how slave trade and colonisation led to underdevelopment of Africa.AnalysisThe Europeans invaded Africa at a time when the continent was endorsed with a lot of natural resources, which were still not yet exploited. When they started colonising the continent, they exploited these resources and send them back home to develop their continent. They made very little efforts to develop the African continent. This left the continent prone to underdevelopment due to the exploitation of the resources without any meaningful investment. M oreover, slavery and the slave trade led to a decreased number of people in the continent. The strong men from Africa were captured and sold for slave trade to work in the European farms. This left Africa with no people to work in the farms and the small industries.  In fact, research by some scholars shows that population in Congo reduced by over 50% during the colonisation. This left the countries without the human power needed to develop the continent.The loss of human capital in Africa as a result of colonisation had both direct and indirect impact on development. A good example of effects of the slave trade was that when the population reduced in areas infested with tsetse flies, people fled to other areas abandoning their home areas (Law, 34). Such areas remain underdeveloped even to date. Moreover, people turned to kidnapping and abduction of people for slave trade. This led to increase in violence among the Africans. People, therefore, spent much time defending their famili es from the abductors instead of taking part in fruitful economic activities.The slave trade led to the development of a cycle known as the ion-slave cycle or the gun-slave cycle. Slaves were got through abductions and kidnappings from other tribes and with time, from within the tribes. This led to the need for people to defend themselves raising the demand for weapons. These weapons were provided by the Europeans in exchange for the slaves. The result of this wrangle was the collapse of the existing forms of government. Kingdoms and estates disintegrated with raiders replacing the once strong kingdoms. These raiders were unable to develop strong and stable political structures that would ensure that Africa concentrated their efforts on development. The unstable and fragile post-colonial political structures are a direct impact of Africans’ underdevelopment. Most African states employ so many resources on military to end fights, instead of employing such resources for most meaning ful economic activities.When the Europeans were scrambling for Africa, they drew some arbitrary boundaries that worked well in instilling tribalism and racism among the Africans. The Europeans discovered that it would be difficult to fight the African if all the tribes united together against them. Consequently, they employed the divide and rule technique where each tribe was segregated and defeated alone. This barred the creation of a unified national spirit, which was very essential in starting the new countries after gaining independence. The boundaries led to increased wrangles between the different tribes in Africa. This in turn led tribalism and corruption, where people consider their tribe mates first, instead of qualifications. Today, the problem of tribalism in Africa has been a great hindrance to development since the qualified people with necessary skills are left out of employment since they do not belong to a particular tribe. This has also affected the policymaking in development as leaders focus on their tribes and neglect others.When the Europeans established strongholds in Africa, they produced very cheap goods from Europe such as cloths. There was wide market for the Europeans goods in Africa, and they forced them to buy the goods either through persuasion or coercion. In some cases, the Europeans used such goods to win favour from the Africans (Law, 123). In the light of such cheap goods, the African manufacturers lacked market for their goods since theirs were more expensive than the African goods. Consequently, the African producers left their jobs due to lack of market. This killed the spirit of entrepreneurship among the Africans. The result was total dependence on Europeans goods. This greatly contributed to underdevelopment of Africa during and after the colonial times.Another cause for the underdevelopment in Africa was because of the slave trade and colonisation. There was technological stagnation/arrest. When the Europeans first set tled in Africa, they considered everything the Africans did as backward, barbaric and primitive. They discouraged them from taking part in any of such activities, and introduced their ‘civilised’ ways of life. As a result, Africans abandoned their traditional skills like iron smelting, which would have been very crucial in initiating development for the African continents. The worst of this condition is that the Europeans did not teach the Africans their civilised skills, and so the Africans lacked the necessary skills to develop their countries. The loss of industry and skills had a big impact in the establishment and development of industries in Africa.The fight for independence had a great significance in underdevelopment of Africa. During the colonial period, Europe was busy with technological inventions that were very crucial in the development. They captured the body-able Africans to help with such invention (Rodney, 162). The Africans left behind were busy fighting for th eir independence, that they did not have the time or energy for technological inventions. Many people were also killed, leaving behind very weak people. These people could not engage in any technological and development advances. As a result, Africa was left behind in terms of development. Today, Africa still remains behind technologically, and some countries have not been able to recover completely from the effects of colonisation.During the colonial times, the Europeans established industries in their own continents instead of establishing them in Africa. They then exported raw materials for manufacture back to their countries. On top of this, they exported manpower to work in these industries. After the manufacture, they imported the goods back to Africa for markets at cheaper prices (Burnett and Manji, 134). This result of this was that Africa missed out on the early industries that would have been built on after independence. Resources were exploited, with no industry to show f or such exploitation. This culture has continued to date. Resources still flow out of Africa to Europe for manufacture of cheap goods and then brought back to be sold in Africa. Most of Africa’s industrial goods are imported since the West manufacture goods cheaply. This kills the local industries that attempts to come. People will always go for the cheaper product. The preference and dependence on imports have killed invention of industries in Africa. This result is the consistent underdevelopment.The other reason for underdevelopment of Africa as a result of colonisation was the confistication of prime lands and areas by the Europeans, leaving Africans in the least productive areas. When the Europeans first settled in Africa, they took all the prime lands and highland in the continents and acquired rights over the lands. The Africans who lived there were taken to other areas that were not productive, and they had to seek employment on these lands. Today most Europeans still occu py these lands living no chance for Africans to develop on such land. When they get returns from these lands, part of the money is taken back to their mother countries instead of being re-invested in Africa. Consequently, Africa still loses many revenues to the Western countries as a result of the arrangement entered during the colonial periods.When Europeans invaded Africa, they majorly exported primary products from the continent to Europe for manufacture of other products. After gaining independence, African countries continued to depend on primary products and subsistence agriculture. Europe remains the major market for these agricultural products, and thus, they have been accused of regulating the international price for these products. Consequently, Africa suffers a great deal from fluctuations in prices of industrial products since they are the main sources of income. As a result, Africa has continued being poor due to the economic structures; they inherited from the colonial powers.During the colonial times, education given to the black people was meant to produce clerks and bookkeepers who would work for the Europeans. There was no education for acquisition of technical skills, which would have been essential for development. The result of this was that there were no educated Africans who would propel the continent to economic development. When the Europeans realised that independence for Africa was inevitable, they started training Africans to take their positions. The trick was to use these educated Africans to protect their interests instead of providing skills and leadership for Africa. The education system introduced a set of black ‘colonists’. These black colonists continued to protect the interests of the Europeans in exploiting Africa (Page, 25).This also contributed to underdevelopment in Africa. Moreover, the number of graduates produced did not have the necessary value additions. They only obtained the basic learning skills without nece ssary skills for development. The resources sustained by the few Europeans would were not enough for the large number of graduates leaving schools. This meant that the graduates had nowhere to work from rendering them useless in the society. The education system, therefore, did little to induce economic development in Africa.ConclusionThere are very clear findings that there is a direct connection between the current under developed status of Africa and its history in colonialism and the slave trade. Slave trade reduced the human capital, which was very crucial in developing the continent (Burnett and Manji, 253). Moreover, hunting for slaves through abduction and kidnapping resulted in political instabilities that have continued to characterise Africa. Most African nations devote most of its resources in military to fight political instability. Moreover, the instability has led to lack of accountable and stable leadership that will provide governance and leadership for the economic development and prosperity of the African continent. This makes Africa continue to depend on the colonial masters for guidance.Colonisation, on the other hand, led to the exploitation and extraction of primary resources necessary for the economic development.   Boundaries created during this period continue to be a source of conflict for most African countries, which hinders economic prosperity. Technological advancement in Europe pushed Africa into technological backwardness because the advancements in Europe ensured production of cheap products that were readily available. This killed the African industries which, to date continues to produce expensive goods. They are, therefore, unable to compete with the European products leading to the ultimate closure of the industries. The colonialists also failed to provide skilful and technical education that would help in developing Africa. Therefore, Africans still rag behind in terms of skills and expertise needed for development.

Physic 100 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3942 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ |1. |British civil service workers in executive positions live longer than those in clerical positions. This best illustrates the | | |value of: | |A) |emotion-focused coping. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Physic 100" essay for you Create order | |B) |the general adaptation syndrome. | |C) |spontaneous remission. | |D) |perceived control. | |2. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers experience: | |A) |higher rates of depression and higher rates of divorce. | |B) |lower rates of depression and lower rates of divorce. | |C) |lower rates of depression and higher rates of divorce. | |D) |higher rates of depression and lower rates of divorce. | |3. |People who are constantly dieting place themselves at ________ risk for depression and ________ risk for binge eating. |A) |increased; decreased | |B) |decreased; decreased | |C) |increased; increased | |D) |decreased; increased | |4. |If we are nervous about our personal appearance after adopting a new hairstyle, we are likely to ________ the extent to which | | |others notice our nervousness and we are likely to ________ the extent to which they notice our new hairstyle. |A) |underestimate; underestimate | |B) |overestimate; underestimate | |C) |underestimate; overestimate | |D) |ove restimate; overestimate | |5. Imitating another persons facial expression of emotion is most likely to facilitate: | |A) |parasympathetic nervous system activity. | |B) |the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. | |C) |an empathic response. | |D) |the catharsis of aggressive feelings. | |6. |Aerobic exercise is associated with: | |A) |increased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. |B) |increased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of the endorphins. | |C) |decreased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of the endorphins. | |D) |decreased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. | |7. |The defense mechanism in which selfjustifying explanations replace the real, unconscious reasons for actions is: | |A) |displacement. | |B) |rationalization. | |C) |projection. | |D) |reaction formation. | |8. |By dramatically reducing her daily caloric intake, Marilyn plans o reduce her normal body weight by 10 to 15 percent. Research | | |suggests that af ter three or four weeks of sustained dieting, Marilyn will: | |A) |experience a decrease in her feelings of hunger. | |B) |have a lower set point for body weight. | |C) |have a lower fat cell count. | |D) |have a lower resting metabolic rate. | |9. |Ader and Cohen observed that suppressed immune system functioning in rats was a(n) ________ to saccharin-sweetened water. |A) |conditioned response (CR) | |B) |unconditioned response (UR) | |C) |conditioned stimulus (CS) | |D) |unconditioned stimulus (US) | |10. |Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious | | |commitment and spiritual growth. His reaction best illustrates the importance of: | |A) |stress appraisal. | |B) |Biofeedback | |C) |spontaneous remission. | |D) |the Type A personality. | |11. |Stress is most likely to speed the progression from HIV to AIDS by: | |A) |slowing the shortening of telomeres. | |B) |increasing the release of glucocorticoids. | |C) |accelerating the enlargement of the thymus gland. | |D) |increasing the production of lymphocytes. | |12. Teens are more likely to experiment with tobacco if they: | |A) |are not concerned about how others perceive them. | |B) |see actors smoking in movies. | |C) |feel in control of their future. | |D) |engage in problem-focused coping. | |13. |Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to: | |A) |reduce their mental alertness. | |B) |reduce their blood pressure. | |C) |trigger the release of lymphocytes. | |D) |gain social acceptance. | |14. When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the | | |floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his: | |A) |ego. | |B) |Oedipus complex. | |C) |superego. | |D) |id. | |15. |Personality is fruitfully studied at multiple levels of analysis because people are best understood as: | |A) |demonstrating self-serving bias. | |B) |unconscious information processors. | |C) |possessing enduring traits. | |D) |biopsychosocial organisms. |16. |Logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. In order to increase his subjective well-being, | | |Logan should: | |A) |recall past moments when his life was much more pleasant than it is now. | |B) |imagine what his own life might be like if he became rich and famous. | |C) |imagine what his life might be like if he were suffering from a fatal disease. | |D) |compare himself with friends who became rich and successful. | |17. A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their: | |A) |blood type. | |B) |genetic makeup. | |C) |cholesterol level. | |D) |muscle tension. | |18. |One study of migraine headache patients found that the majority of those who received â€Å"sham acupuncture† enjoyed relief. The | | |patients pain relief is most likely attributable to: | |A) |the placebo effect. | |B) |a decrease in lymphocyte production. | |C) |an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. |D) |problem-focused coping. | |19. |Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating the value of: | |A) |the spotlight effect. | |B) |an internal locus of control. | |C) |self-serving bias. | |D) |social influence. | |20. |A psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels toward her ex-boyfriend by tearing pictures | | |of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based on the: | |A) |James-Lange theory. |B) |catharsis hypothesis. | |C) |two-factor theory. | |D) |adap tation-level principle. | |21. |The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory. | |A) |physiological arousal | |B) |Catharsis | |C) |subjective well-being | |D) |cognitive activity | 22. |Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be: | |A) |preconscious. | |B) |unconscious. | |C) |displaced. | |D) |fixated. | |23. |When faced with an ever-increasing number of consumer product choices, people often experience the discomfort of: | |A) |the spotlight effect. | |B) |self-serving bias. | |C) |the false consensus effect. | |D) |information overload. | |24. Which of the following have been criticized the most for offering concepts that are vague and subjective? | |A) |terror-management theorists | |B) |social-cognitive theorists | |C) |trait theorists | |D) |humanistic theorists | 25. |For purposes of lie detection, investigators have most commonly made use of a(n): | |A) |electroencephalogr aph. | |B) |polygraph. | |C) |electrocardiograph. | |D) |myograph. | |26. |Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, disputed Freuds assumption that women: | |A) |suffer an Electra complex. | |B) |have stronger sexual instincts than men. | |C) |never experience a phallic stage of development. | |D) |have weak superegos. | |27. Maslow most clearly interjected his own personal values into his study of self-actualized individuals by: | |A) |interpreting their flattering self-descriptions as a self-serving bias. | |B) |using projective tests to assess their motives. | |C) |selectively studying people with qualities he admired. | |D) |overemphasizing the value of their loyalty to cultural norms. | |28. |A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is ________ to demonstrate self-serving bias and is ________ to feel angry when | | |criticized. |A) |likely; likely | |B) |unlikely; unlikely | |C) |unlikely; likely | |D) |likely; unlikely | |29. The results of early research on biofeedbac k were surprising because they indicated that people could learn to control bodily | | |functions regulated by the: | |A) |cerebellum. | |B) |frontal lobes. | |C) |autonomic nervous system. | |D) |lymph glands. | |30. |The text defines stress as: | |A) |physical, emotional, or mental exhaustion. |B) |the experience of conflicting motives that produce anxiety and tension. | |C) |the process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and challenges. | |D) |the blocking of an attempt to reach some important goal. | |31. |Employees who have just been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer. | | |Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will: | |A) |lead them to perceive their employers actions as unavoidable. |B) |rechannel their anger into constructive motivation. | |C) |increase their hostility. | |D) |calm their emotions and reduce their anger. | |32. |A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevato rs that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a| | |natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no| | |longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patients fear is best understood in terms of the: | |A) |two-factor theory. |B) |catharsis hypothesis. | |C) |adaptation-level phenomenon. | |D) |James-Lange theory. | |33. |Research participants came to anticipate the movements of the numeral 6 on a computer screen even though they were unable to | | |identify the rule governing its movements. This best illustrates: | |A) |repression. | |B) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |C) |nonconscious learning. | |D) |the spot light effect. | |34. As people experience negative emotions: | |A) |the left prefrontal cortex becomes less electrically active. | |B) |the right prefrontal cortex becomes more electrically active. | |C) |the right prefrontal cortex becomes less electrically act ive. | |D) |the left prefrontal cortex becomes more electrically active. | |35. |Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor is known as: | |A) |problem-focused coping. |B) |emotion-focused coping. | |C) |the general adaptation syndrome. | |D) |biofeedback. | |36. |Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most closely related to ones level of creativity? | |A) |Conscientiousness | |B) |emotional stability | |C) |Extraversion | |D) |Openness | |37. Research suggests that monkeys reared in the wild fear snakes because they: | |A) |have a particularly strong nervous system reaction to snake bites. | |B) |have encountered snakes near dead monkeys. | |C) |have observed other monkeys fearful reactions to snakes. | |D) |are biologically predisposed to fear nearly all primitive forms of life. | |38. |People tend to ________ their daily caloric intake and ________ their daily physical activity. |A) |overestimate; overestimate | |B) |overestimate; underesti mate | |C) |underestimate; underestimate | |D) |underestimate; overestimate | |39. |People who become blind eventually experience ________ levels of day-to-day happiness. Those who become paralyzed eventually | | |experience ________ levels of day-to-day happiness. |A) |below-normal; above-normal | |B) |above-normal; above-normal | |C) |near-normal; near-normal | |D) |above-normal; below-normal | |40. |One night after he heard his parents arguing, 4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by| | |a large snake. A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Weis dream reflects a(n): | |A) |Oedipus complex. | |B) |selfserving bias. | |C) |oral fixation. | |D) |reaction formation. | |41. |Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cell phone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can| | |reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive: | |A) |personality. | |B) |collective unconscious. | |C) |fixation. | |D) |attributional style. | 42. |Confiding ones fears and frustrations to supportive friends is likely to ________ lymphocyte levels and ________ cortisol | | |levels. | |A) |increase; decrease | |B) |increase; increase | |C) |decrease; increase | |D) |decrease; decrease | |43. B lymphocytes inhibit ________, whereas T lymphocytes inhibit ________. | |A) |the release of epinephrine; the release of cortisol | |B) |viruses; cancer cells | |C) |bacterial infections; viral infections | |D) |telomeres; glucoc orticoids | |44. |Professor Lindstrom emphasized that obesity often involves the interactive influence of high set points, low perceived control, | | |and the ready availability of calorie-laden junk food. The professors emphasis best illustrates: | |A) |a biopsychosocial approach. | |B) |an optimistic explanatory style. | |C) |biofeedback. | |D) |the general adaptation syndrome. | |45. |Research on stressful life events indicates that: | |A) |survivors of a natural disaster are immunized against stress and have fewer long-term health problems. | |B) |those who live a relatively peaceful, monastic life actually suffer a higher-than-average rate of heart attacks. |C) |those who have been recently widowed or divorced are more vulnerable to disease and death. | |D) |all of the above are true. | |46. |One way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to: | |A) |participate in regular aerobic exercise. | |B) |overestimate how much they can accomplish. | |C) |focus more attention on themselves. | |D) |do all of the above. | |47. |People who are challenged by physical disabilities are likely to maintain normal levels of self-esteem by: | |A) accepting as much personal responsib ility for their problems as for their accomplishments. | |B) |displacing their feelings of resentment. | |C) |developing an external locus of control. | |D) |comparing themselves with others who are similarly disabled. | |48. |Research on selfperception indicates that most people: | |A) |view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others. | |B) |underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments. |C) |are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future. | |D) |feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes. | |49. |Programs that successfully discourage young people from smoking are likely to train them how to: | |A) |refuse others persuasive appeals to smoke. | |B) |use nicotine gum to satisfy drug cravings. | |C) |increase their consumption of high-carbohydrate foods. | |D) |reduce stress by means of biofeedback. | |50. As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These | | |physiological changes are produced by activation of the ________ nervous system. | |A) |Somatic | |B) |Central | |C) |Sympathetic | |D) |Parasympathetic | 51. |Surveys of subjective well-being in 82 countries indicate that the two countries with the highest levels of self-reported | | |happiness are: | |A) |Canada and the Netherlands. | |B) |Ireland and Switzerland. | |C) |The United States and Australia. | |D) |Puerto Rico and Mexico. | |52. |According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________. |A) |cognitive labels; physical arousal | |B) |physical arousal; overt behavior | |C) |facial expressions; cognitive labels | |D) |emotion-arousing events; physical arousal | |53. |Activation of the sympathetic nervous system ________ respiration and ________ salivation. |A) |increases; decreases | |B) |decreases; decreases | |C) |decreases; increases | |D) |increases; increases | |54. |Larry studies diligently beca use he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to get a job after graduation. Larrys | | |diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of: | |A) |possible selves. | |B) |an internal locus of control. | |C) |the spotlight effect. | |D) |unconditioned positive regard. | |55. |Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates: | |A) |the spotlight effect. | |B) |self-serving bias. | |C) |the Barnum effect. | |D) |learned helplessness. |56. |Jed wants his roommate Dante to help him study for a physics test. Dante is most likely to want to help after he has: | |A) |heard that a friend was involved in an automobile accident. | |B) |been caught cheating on a math test. | |C) |received an â€Å"A† on his psychology test. | |D) |helped some friends repair a flat tire on their car. | |57. |In North America since the 1960s, the death rate due to coronary heart disease has ________, and the death rate due to | | |smoking-related cancer has _______. |A) |decreased; decreased | |B) |increased; decreased | |C) |decreased; increased | |D) |increased; increased | |58. |Who suggested that â€Å"we feel sorry because we cry . . afraid because we tremble†? | |A) |Walter Cannon | |B) |Stanley Schachter | |C) |Richard Lazarus | |D) |William James | |59. |Chiana and her husband both want to feel and express greater warmth and affection for each other. They would be advised to spend| | |time looking intently at one anothers: | |A) |lips. | |B) |hand gestures. | |C) |body postures. | |D) |eyes. | |60. |A hormone that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in times of emergency is: | |A) |epinephrine. | |B) |testosterone. | |C) |insulin. | |D) |acetylcholine. | |61. |Which of the following best explains why stress heightens vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections? |A) |Stress hormones facilitate the depositing of cholesterol and fat around the heart. | |B) |Stress hormones suppress the production of lymphocytes. | |C) |Stress hormones trigger the release of digestive acids. | |D) |Stress hormones accelerate the â€Å"hardening† of the arteries. | |62. |A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of: | |A) |extraversion. | |B) |openness. | |C) |conscientiousness. | |D) |emotional stability. | |63. Research has shown that neck-level spinal cord i njuries reduce the intensity of certain emotional experiences. This finding | | |supports the: | |A) |James-Lange theory. | |B) |catharsis hypothesis. | |C) |adaptation-level principle. | |D) |Cannon-Bard theory. | |64. |While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his | | |students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professors treatment of students as an example | | |of: | |A) |regression. | |B) |projection. | |C) |reaction formation. | |D) |displacement. | |65. |According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among: | |A) |id, ego, and superego. | |B) |thoughts, emotions, and actions. | |C) |learned helplessness, locus of control, and optimism. |D) |behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events. | |66. |The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of: | |A) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |B) |expressive styles. | |C) |unconditional positive regard. | |D) |the Barnum effect. | |67. |Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called: | |A) |the spotlight effect. |B) |external locus of control. | |C) |fixation. | |D) |self-serving bias. | |68. |Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are least likely to be highly: | |A) |self-accepting. | |B) |conforming. | |C) |compassionate. | |D) |religious. | |69. |As her professor distributed the mathematics test to the class, Blairs heart started to pound and her palms began to sweat. | | |These physiological reactions were activated by her ________ nervous ystem. | |A) |Central | |B) |Somatic | |C) |Parasympathetic | |D) |Sympathetic | |70. |According to the ________, you would be able to experience emotion even without sympathetic nervous system arousals. |A) |James-Lange theory | |B) |catharsis hypothesis | |C) |Cannon-Bard theory | |D) |two-factor theory | |71. |Research on obesity and weight control indicates that: | |A) |lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue. |B) |overweight people typically suffer from a lack of willpower and self-discipline. | |C) |no matter how carefully people diet, they can never lose fat cells. | |D) |when an obese person has lost weight, a diet and exercise program are no longer necessary for maintaining the lower | | |weight. | |72. |Wild animals placed in zoos sometimes die shortly thereafter. These deaths are likely to result from a(n) ________ in the | | |animals production of ________. |A) |increase; androgens | |B) |decrease; cortisol | |C) |increase; serotonin | |i |decrease; lymphocytes | |73. |Which of the following is an example of biofeedback? | |A) |Jane decides to quit smoking after seeing a film linking cigarettes with cancer. | |B) |Kecia successfully quits smoking after her psychologist has her smoke so rapidly she cannot tolerate another cigarette. |C) |Milos learns to relax by being provided with information on changes in his heart rate. | |D) |Chico learns to lower his blood pressure by meditating twice a day. | |74. |The health risks associated with obesity are generally the greatest for those who carry their excess weight around their: | |A) |hips. | |B) |bellies. | |C) |thighs. | |D) |buttocks. | |75. |A general sense of happiness or life sat isfaction is most unrelated to whether people: | |A) |have a meaningful religious faith. |B) |have a happy marriage. | |C) |sleep well. | |D) |are well educated. | |76. |The two-factor theory of emotion would have difficulty explaining why a: | |A) |person automatically fears snakes even though he thinks they are attractive and harmless. | |B) |person comes to fear snakes after he sees someone else bitten by one. | |C) |persons fear of snakes is reduced after she learns that most snakes are harmless. | |D) |persons fear of snakes is reduced after she receives a calming tranquilizer. | |77. Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her. Kelly most clearly | | |demonstrates: | |A) |the false consensus effect. | |B) |defensive self-esteem. | |C) |learned helplessness. | |D) |the spotlight effect. | |78. |Rannilt was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, | | |she is only mildly excited when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be | | |explained in terms of the: | |A) |adaptation-level phenomenon. | |B) |feel-good, do-good phenomenon. | |C) |catharsis hypothesis. | |D) |relative deprivation principle. | |79. |In rejecting claims that personality trait measures fail to predict behavior effectively, Seymour Epstein emphasized the | | |importance of: | |A) |factor analysis. |B) |projective tests. | |C) |reciprocal determinism. | |D) |multiple behavior assessments. | |80. |A psychophysiological illness is: | |A) |any psychological disorder that has a genetic component. | |B) |a disease of the central nervous system. | |C) |any physical illness that produces a psychological disorder. | |D) |a stress-related physical illness such as hypertension. | |81. The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the: | |A) |limbic system. | |B) |parasympathetic nervous system. | |C) |immune system. | |D) |sympathetic nervous system. | |82. |Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol : | |A) |accelerate the buildup of plaques on artery walls. | |B) |decrease heart rate and blood pressure. | |C) |divert blood flow from muscle tissue to the bodys internal organs. |D) |are released by the thymus and lymph glands. | |83. |Because Greta is an extravert, she frequently goes to parties where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize with her friends. | | |Because Jim is an introvert, he frequently spends weekends in the library where its easy to quietly reflect and study. Greta | | |and Jim best illustrate what is meant by: | |A) |the Barnum effect. | |B) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |C) |an external locus of control. |D) |reciprocal determinism. | |84. |The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they: | |A) |experience a more positive self-image. | |B) |report greater satisfaction with their whole lives. | |C) |make decisions more effectively. | |D) |are more willing to help others. | |85. |The subfield of psychology that pro vides psychologys contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness is known as: | |A) |behavioral psychology. | |B) |psychobiology. |C) |health psychology. | |D) |medical psychology. | |86. |Research on the nonverbal expression of emotion indicates that: | |A) |it is difficult to use nonverbal cues to mislead others about ones true emotions. | |B) |accurately identifying emotional facial expressions in people from different cultures requires personal experience with | | |those cultures. | |C) |the body movements and gestures used to express emotions are the same throughout the world. |D) |introverts are better than extraverts at recognizing nonverbal expressions of emotion in others. | |87. |Resisting the temptation to eat chocolate chip cookies led research participants to subsequently give up sooner than normal on | | |efforts to complete a tedious task. This illustrated that self-control weakens following: | |A) |unconditional positive regard. | |B) |the spotlight effect. | |C) |an exertion of energy. | |D) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |88. Scientists have isolated a gene that influences the amygdalas response to frightening situations. People with a short version | | |of this gene have high levels of ________ available to activate amygdala neurons. | |A) |Endorphins | |B) |Acetylcholine | |C) |Serotonin | |D) |Dopamine | |89. Researchers attempt to understand emotions using biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. The | | |psychological level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize the importance of: | |A) |evolutionary adaptiveness. | |B) |facial expressiveness. | |C) |arousal. | |D) |cognitive labeling. | |90. |The adaptationlevel phenomenon refers to the: | |A) |tendency for emotional release to reduce levels of physiological arousal. |B) |tendency for evolution to favor organisms that adapt best to the environment. | |C) |tendency for standards of judgment to be heavily influenced by previous experiences. | |D) |perception that one is worse off than those with whom one compares oneself. | |91. |People tend to describe their experienced emotions along the two dimensions of: | |A) |expressiveness and meaningfulness. | |B) |valence and arousal. | |C) |physical and social. | |D) |clarity and stability. | |92. The spillover effect is best explained in terms of the: | |A) |two-factor theory. | |B) |relative deprivation principle. | |C) |catharsis hypothesis. | |D) |adaptation-level principle. | |93. |Haleys parents bought her a used bicycle for her birthday. She was thrilled until she learned that her best friend received a | | |brand new bicycle on her birthday. Haleys declining satisfaction illustrates the: | |A) |facial feedback effect. |B) |catharsis hypothesis. | |C) |relative deprivation principle. | |D) |adaptation-level phenomenon. | |94. |Aging women who had experienced prolonged stress as caregivers for children with serious disorders experienced a premature | | |decrease in th e size of their: | |A) |lymphocytes. | |B) |adrenal glands. | |C) |frontal lobes. | |D) |telomeres. | |95. Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit: | |A) |an inferiority complex. | |B) |an Electra complex. | |C) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |D) |passive dependence. | |96. |In the United States, Canada, and Britain, smoking has become rare among those who: | |A) |experience obesity. | |B) |are highly educated. | |C) |are recent immigrants. | |D) |have parents who smoke. | |97. Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be of pivotal importance to personality. | |A) |the collective unconscious | |B) |the sense of self | |C) |the superego | |D) |unconditional positive regard | |98. |Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their childrens feelings and should honestly disclose | | |their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parentchild interaction was most explicitly recommended by: | |A) |Jung. | |B) |Rogers. | |C) |Bandura. | |D) |Allport. | |99. |According to the Cannon-Bard theory, body arousal is related to the sympathetic nervous system in the same way that subjective | | |awareness of emotion is related to the: | |A) |parasympathetic nervous system. |B) |thalamus. | |C) |cortex. | |D) |hypothalamus. | |100. |Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding | | |it with their lips. This finding best serves to support the: | |A) |James-Lange theory. | |B) |Cannon-Bard theory. | |C) |catharsis hypothesis. | |D) |adaptation-level principle. |

The Father of Gothicism - 1077 Words

â€Å"I grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of others. I suffered myself to use intemperate language to my wife. At length, I even offered her personal violence.† This line comes from the story The Black Cat written by Edgar Allan Poe. Poe has been proclaimed the â€Å"Father of Gothicism† by many due to his grotesque short stories and poems. Gothic writers had their characters be more â€Å"prone to sin and self-destruction† than any other movement had experienced (Poets 2). This mysterious style of writing lasted until the 19th century, and other popular gothic writers and characters include Bram Stokers Dracula, and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein. Poe along with all gothic writers used disturbing, morbid words as well as supernatural story outlines to catch the reader’s attention, as he was one of the first to introduce the harming of females to the literature world. Gothicism style of writing always keeps t he reader shocked throughout the entire story trying to guess what’s next. Edgar Poe was born in Boston to Elizabeth Arnold Poe and David Poe Jr. on January 18, 1809 and experienced an extremely dark childhood. Poe unfortunately never got to build a relationship with his father because he abandoned the family by 1811. Poe’s life changed dramatically after his mother’s death on December 8, 1811 and his father’s passing a few short days after by tuberculosis, which caused his family filled with two siblings to be split up into different homes.Show MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s Father Of American Gothicism1178 Words   |  5 PagesAlba Abreu Prof. Mrs. Beth Ritter-Guth EN-250 June 24, 2017 Poe s father of American Gothicism Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His parents were actors. After he was born, his father abandoned him and his mother died before he was three. This left Edgar Allan Poe a foster child. 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His father, David, was an alcholic who had abandoned the family shortly after his mothers death. Shortly after, John and Francis Allan took in Poe. After a failed attempt at college and a few years in the military, Poe went to live with his paternal grandmotherRead MoreThe Mother Of The Novel Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1202 Words   |  5 Pagesachieving a philosophical goal. Mary Shelley was unfortunately only to really experience literary expertise through her father, for her mother died due to puerperal fever early within one month of giving birth to Shelley. Seeing as a single father would not suffice for raising a child, Godwin remarried another woman by the name of Mrs.Clairmont. Shelley felt nearly abandoned by her father, forced to spend time with a stepmother that clearly disliked her since she was not her own child. Mrs.ClairmontRead MoreMary Shelley1066 Words   |  5 PagesRomanticism Era. Mary was the only child of Mary Wollstonecraft, a famous feminist, but after her birth, Wollstonecraft passed away (Harris). Similar to Mary’s book Frankenstein, both her and Victor’s mothers die when they are at a very young age. Mary’s father was William Godwin, an English philosopher who also wrote novels that would inspire Mary in the late years of her life (Holmes). Many years later, Mary would get married to Percy Shelley although he had been previously engaged (â€Å"Shelley† Exploring)Read MoreThe Fulfillment of the Definition of Gothic Horror by Chapters 5 and 4 of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1560 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially in the areas of biology and chemistry. Shelley was the daughter of two of Englands most intellectual radicals. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was an established feminist who specialised in education and womens rights. Her father, William Godwin, was a well-known political philosopher and novelist. Shelley never met her mother as she passed away several days after giving birth, but was nevertheless inspired by her works and reputation. While being brought up inRead More The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagessaddle, but no Ichabod. A folk-tale is a quality that governs the overall meaning of Washington Irvings short stories. The folk-tale form imposes sharp limits on character development and has three characteristics, they are 1. Stock Characters, 2. Gothicism, and 3. Humorous Tone. Irving uses all three characteristics in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.; Stocked or stereotyped characters are character types that appear so often, that the reader immediately recognizes their nature. The two stocked or stereotyped

A Civilized Society Free Essays

A Civilized Society What is the meaning of a society? A historian might say a society is a group of people living in an ordered community that has a hierarchy. An adult might say that a society is a community of people that have certain jobs and a community that has schools for their children to go to. A child might not even know what the meaning of society is. We will write a custom essay sample on A Civilized Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their answers differ because there is not a book written in history that clearly defines what a society is. But when â€Å"society† is narrowed down into â€Å"civilized† society, it is here that agreements are distinguished. Most people agree that the time and place they live in at this present moment is civilized, even though spirits are still believed in. This also means that time periods that are not considered â€Å"civilized† in today’s terms, are considered civilized to the people living in that time period. In the book Beowulf, a book written in the seventh or eight century by an anonymous author, there are two societies, the Danes, who reside in Denmark, and the Geats, who reside in southern Sweden. This book is named after a person; not surprisingly, this person is named Beowulf, a Geat who later becomes the king of the Geats. The Anglo-Saxon society in the book Beowulf is civilized because they believe in monsters and their leaders and group members have clear expectations. One might be surprised that a civilized society believes in monsters, however, even societies today believe in monsters through television. Societies today create horror movies purely for entertainment; however, it is a known fact that the monsters in the horror movies are not real. On that note, the anonymous author of Beowulf may have written the book purely for the entertainment of his people, all the while knowing that monsters do not exist, after all, it is probably the closest thing his society has to watching a horror movie. Grendel, the first monster Beowulf fights, is â€Å"conceived by a pair of those monsters born of Cain (105-106). † This is physically impossible because Cain is a human and Grendel is an actual monster in the book. Another fact that Beowulf was written for entertainment purposes is the fact that the author uses suspension of disbelief, meaning that the readers believe things that are impossible in real for the sake of enjoying the book. For example, â€Å"[Beowulf] sank through the waves†¦(1495)† â€Å"for hours†¦(1495)† to fight Grendel’s mother, â€Å"the mighty water witch (1519). † This is an example of suspension of disbelief because it is physically impossible for a human to swim under water for hours without breathing. The Anglo-Saxon society is a civilized society because while today’s society creates horror movies for entertainment, the author creates the book, Beowulf, for the entertainment of his people. As stated above, a society is a community of people that have certain jobs they must perform. This definition of a society is a factor of what a civilized society is. In Anglo-Saxon culture, a leader and his comitatus have clear expectations. In today’s society, a leader leads the country and commands his people through the office of the prime minister. However, a leader in Anglo-Saxon culture does a little more than leading his country and commanding his people. In the book, Beowulf, there are two main leaders: Hrothgar (a Danish king) and Beowulf. These two leaders have the responsibility of bringing glory for their country. When Hrothgar took the throne after his father, he â€Å"led the Danes to such glory that comrades and kinsmen swore by his sword (65-66). † Beowulf brings glory to his country by killing Grendel, the beast that has been haunting Herot for a long time, and by killing Grendel’s mother, â€Å"the mighty water witch (1519). Then when Beowulf becomes the king of Geatland, he â€Å"†¦held it long and well (2208). †As a leader has responsibilities, group members also have their responsibilities. In today’s society, they are responsible of helping each other, but sometimes they do not always carry out the task. However, a comitatus in Anglo-Saxon society have the responsibility of he lping the leader when he needs help. There was only one comitatus in Beowulf and they are Beowulf’s men. Beowulf’s comitatus are by his side during his three battles. However, Beowulf’s comitatus was readily available to help him in one out of the three battles. During the battle with Grendel, â€Å"all of Beowulf’s/Band had jumped from their beds, ancestral/Swords raised and ready†¦(795-796). † This is only battle that Beowulf’s comitatus is readily available in to help. During Beowulf’s battle with Grendel’s mother, the Danes left the swamp thinking Beowulf had died, but â€Å"the Geats stayed, sat sadly, watching,/Imagining they saw their lord but not believing/ They would ever see him again(1602-1603). † It is here that we start to see that the role of the comitatus start to change because the comitatus are at shore while Beowulf was under water, so, if Beowulf eeded their help, they would not be able to help him. In Beowulf’s last battle, the battle against the dragon, â€Å"none of his comrades/ Came to him, helped him (2596-2597)† when Beowulf could not fight the dragon alone, they also ran away for their lives. At this point in the story, the role of a comitatus is no more. The Anglo-Saxon society is civilized only when the leaders and team members, the comitatus, carry out responsibilities. The Anglo-Saxon society is civilized because they believe in monsters through stories, and their leaders and comitatus have responsibilities, although sometimes the comitatus do not perform their responsibility. It is because they do not perform their duty in the battle with the dragon that the age of warriors ends. One can argue that the age of warriors is a civilized time period, however, when the comitatus ran away from the battle, it is there that signs of an uncivilized civilization is seen. Therefore, it can be said that â€Å"now the giving of swords, of golden/ Rings and rich estates, is over,/ Ended for you and everyone who shares/ Your blood: when the brave Geats hear/ How you bolted and ran none of your race/ Will have anything left but their lives(2884-2888). † How to cite A Civilized Society, Essay examples

Medical Ethics Essays (2946 words) - Medical Ethics,

Medical Ethics Medical Ethics ? Bioethics comprise every possible aspect of health care, medical, moral, social, political, religious, legal and financial? (Weiss 3). This includes the questions raised by new research. It takes a look at the results of that research that is used on patients. It takes into consideration contemporary ideas of personal freedom and human dignity. It deals with growth in medical services available in the United States and the sky rocketing cost. Bioethics also deals with the medical advances in technology that has reshaped traditional medical ethics. Medical ethics have changed drastically over a period of years. From old commandments to new commandments, guidelines that provide structural framework, classic experiments that challenge that framework, or even how things are defined in medical ethics. ?Medical progress goes on, and the perils of progress must be heeded? (Leone 165). Changing times have in turn changed our codes of ethics. There are five old commandments o f ethics and five new commandments of ethics. These commandments come from many years of heavily advised dictates from various people. A commandment by definition is, ? ... a dictate or a strongly advised piece of advice? (Halsey 201). The first traditional commandment is, ? Treat all human life as of equal worth? (Singer 190). This statement is very difficult to follow; almost no person believes this statement whole-heartedly. The statement makes more sense on paper or just being heard, but its application in life is almost impossible to ensure. In comparison to the first old ethic, the first new ethic states, ?Recognize that the worth of human life varies? (Singer 190). This statement allows for variation and livability in society. It gives way for someone to say, if a person is a vegetable, has no vital capabilities, this person?s life is of no worth anymore. Without this sort of change in today?s advancing civilization, it would make it ethically wrong to ?pull the plug? (Rothst ein 1698.) The next commandment of old ethics is, ? Never intentionally take innocent human life? (Singer 192). If a doctor or any health care professional just stood by during the birth of a child and both the child and the mother were dying, how could that doctor stand there and watch both the mother and the infant die without taking some method of action. However, if that physician were to save either patient while sacrificing the life of the other, that health care professional would be considered unethical and scorned by the standard of this ethical commandment. In comparison, the new commandment states, ?Take responsibility for the consequences of your decisions?(Singer 195). By the token of this declaration a physician can make a choice based on his/her best judgment, yet; be held accountable for their actions. This gives a doctor the power to use his/her best judgment and knowledgeable skills, to do what they believe is best for the patient. This statement allows for a perso n?s right to free will, even a person who is a Christian may more fully agree with this statement just for the pure reason that they want to believe more in God?s promise of free will in their life. Commandment number four states,? Be fruitful and multiply? (Singer 198). This biblical injunction has been a part of Christian ethics for thousands of years. ? Augustine said that sexual intercourse without procreation ` turns the bridal chamber into a brothel (Singer 198). Some laws in America concerning contraceptives survived until the mid- 1960?s when the Supreme Court declared them invasion of privacy (Madsen 325). The revised commandment number four, ?Bring children into the world only if they are wanted? (Singer 199), allows for population control as well as prevention of children who were never wanted and not loved. From 1930 when the population was two billion to today where the population is over five billion and is expected to rise above eleven billion by the middle of the nex t century. With these kinds of statistics revised dictates, such as this fourth one, are essential. The final of these five old commandments state, ? Treat all human life as always more precious than any non-human life? (Singer 201). If we compare a severely defective human infant with a